First, I've updated my blog and this can now be found at:
http://www.stovereffect.com/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=6

While the information provided by Microsoft on the How to buy Microsoft Office SharePoint Server is absolutely crystal clear, there is still quite a bit of confusion on what licenses are required to run MOSS in any type of production role.  In an attempt to demystify some of the confusion, I've put some general information regarding licensing here.  Note that below a CAL refers to a Client Access License, which can be licensed in either 'Per User' or 'Per Device'.  Also, the CAL licensing model may be mixed, meaning that you purchase some 'Per User' and some 'Per Device' as your needs require.  To truly appreciate the CAL licensing model, please visit the Microsoft CAL Guide.  Of course, there is also the availability of the Microsoft CAL Suite to provide an 'all-for-one' price for multiple CALs and, maybe even more importantly, provides a very easy mechanism for tracking the CALs through a single license agreement.  Additionally, the following is strictly for informational purposes only.  Also not that there is a significant variance in pricing depending upon the volume of licenses purchases, but even more so based upon Educational, Government, and Charity pricing (just to name a few factors).  For accurate pricing and configuration information, please contact a Microsoft Product Licensing Advisor or a reseller (such as Dell).  Some of the pricing info below comes from the following locations:

• Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 and Related Technologies pricing
• How to buy Microsoft SQL Server
• Windows Server 2003 R2 Pricing

First, there are no less than ten (10) different products associated with the MOSS product line.  Here are the ones that I am currently aware of:

1. Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 (WSS 3).  WSS is a component of Windows Server.  This is currently an available download for Windows Server 2003 but will be bundled with the next version of Windows Server (LongHorn).  WSS is the technology on which MOSS builds.  WSS does not require its own licensing, but rather follows the licensing of Windows Server.
   
2. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 Server License.  This license is required to run Office SharePoint Server 2007 in client/server mode. You should use this license with the requisite number of Client Access Licenses (CALs) appropriate for your organizational needs.  This is a per server license that does not require the purchase of Client Access licenses.
   
3. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Internet sites.  You may use the software only for Internet-facing websites. All content, information, and applications must be accessible to non-employees.   What this means is that if you intend to run MOSS for both your public facing site and your internal use, this license does not cover both uses.  You must purchase a MOSS Server license (#2 above) and the requisite CALs for employee use.  This license has all the features of the Enterprise Edition of Office SharePoint Server. For complete information about the different features in each edition, read the Office SharePoint Server edition comparison. 
   
4. Microsoft Office Forms Server 2007 Server License.  Microsoft Office Forms Server 2007 is a server product built on WSS 3.0 that enables users to fill out Microsoft Office InfoPath 2007 forms by using a Web browser instead of, or in addition to, the Office InfoPath 2007 client program.
   
5. Microsoft Office Forms Server for Internet Sites.  Same product as above, but for Internet-facing websites. All content, information, and applications must be accessible to non-employees.   Same rule as MOSS: if you are putting up a Forms Server for both public Internet access and for employee use, you must buy both server licenses and the appropriate number of CALs. 
   
6. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 CAL, Standard Edition.  A CAL is required for all employees (actually, any individual that receives a paycheck that will be using the system).  As part of this CAL, you get the core capabilities of MOSS.
   
7. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 CAL, Enterprise Edition. This CAL is an additional license that requires the Standard Edition CAL above.  To reiterate this again: this license is an license on top of the Standard license.  You must acquire both CALs in order to utilize the Enterprise features, such as LOB integration and search, forms services, Excel services, etc.
   
8. Microsoft Office Forms Server 2007 CAL. This is the CAL that is required to work with Microsoft Office Forms Server 2007.
   
9. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Search, Standard Edition Server License.  This product is strictly the search engine.  Microsoft has put a significant amount of effort, time, and money into developing the new search engine that MOSS uses.  The search works extremely well, and thus Microsoft is licensing the search engine as a standalone product.  This product will seamlessly integrate with Windows Desktop Search, provide appropriate Security Trimming so that users can only access what they have rights to see, search Exchange Public Folders, Lotus Notes, UNC network shares, other websites, and much more.  The Standard Edition of the product is limited to 500,000 items.
   
10. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Search, Enterprise Edition Server License.  This license provides the same functionality as the above server (#9), but does not have any item limit. 
    
11. Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer 2007 (SPD).  While this may look like FrontPage, it is definitely not FrontPage... :)
    
12. Microsoft Forefront Security.  Microsoft Forefront Security products help protect your environments against viruses, worms, spam and inappropriate content.  I've seen two flavors so far, one for SharePoint and one for Exchange.

Below I have outlined general license recommendations and estimated MSRP for several configuration scenarios.  The costs associated below

1. Scenario A: Corporate use for 20 employees, single server configuration running WSS 3.
   1. Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license.
   2. Windows Server 2003 CAL, 20-pack.
      
2. Scenario B: Internet use, single server configuration running WSS 3.
   1. Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license.
      
3. Scenario C: Corporate use for 20 employees, two (2) server configuration running MOSS 2007 and SQL 2005.  For this sample configuration, all 20 employees will utilize MOSS Standard features, while only 10 of these employees will utilize Enterprise features.
   1. MOSS Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   2. SQLServer, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   3. Windows Server 2003 CAL, 20-pack
   4. Microsoft SQL Server 2005 with 5 CALs
   5. Fifteen (15) additional Microsoft SQL Server 2005 CALs
   6. 20 MOSS CAL, Standard Edition
   7. 10 MOSS CAL, Enterprise Edition
      
4. Scenario D: Internet use, two (2) server configuration running MOSS 2007 and SQL 2005.
   1. MOSS Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   2. SQL Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   3. Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Processer License
   4. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Internet sites
      
5. Scenario E: Internet use, five (5) server farm configuration running MOSS 2007 and SQL 2005.  For this sample configuration, there are 2 SQL, 2 MOSS front-end, and 1 MOSS backend.
   1. MOSS Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   2. MOSS Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   3. MOSS Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   4. SQL Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   5. SQL Server, Windows Server 2003  R2 standard edition license
   6. Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Processer License
   7. Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Processer License
   8. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Internet sites
   9. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 for Internet sites
   10. Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 Server License

I hope that this post indicates just how simple licensing actually is.  Let me know your thoughts...